Find English equivalents in the text: soil mechanics - earth embankment - soil compaction and swelling - retaining wall

Ястребка

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Задача: Найти английские эквиваленты в тексте: механика грунтов - насыпь из земли - уплотнение и перекачка грунта - ограждающая стена - крепление якоря - растяжимый (эластичный) материал - динамическое воздействие на грунт - свойства грунта - скорость фильтрации - склон - большой городской район - общественный транспорт - инжиниринг транспорта - дорожное проектирование - городское дорожное проектирование - теория очередей - проектирование тротуаров - интеллектуальная система управления транспортом - управление проектами капитального строительства.

1. Soil mechanics - механика грунтов
Explanation: Soil mechanics is a branch of engineering that deals with the behavior of soil under different conditions and the application of this knowledge in various construction projects.

2. Earth embankment - насыпь из земли
Explanation: Earth embankment refers to a raised structure made by compacting layers of soil to create a stable foundation or a barrier for retaining water or preventing soil erosion.

3. Soil compaction and swelling - уплотнение и перекачка грунта
Explanation: Soil compaction refers to the process of increasing the density of soil by removing air voids and packing the soil particles closer together. Soil swelling, on the other hand, refers to the increase in volume or expansion of soil due to the absorption of moisture.

4. Retaining wall - ограждающая стена
Explanation: A retaining wall is a structure designed to hold back soil and prevent it from sliding or eroding. It is commonly used to create terraces, level ground, or provide support to structures built on sloping terrain.

5. Anchor fastenings - крепление якоря
Explanation: Anchor fastenings refer to the use of anchors, such as rods or cables, to provide additional stability and resistance against lateral forces in structures, particularly in retaining walls and soil slopes.

6. Stretchable (elastic) material - растяжимый (эластичный) материал
Explanation: A stretchable or elastic material is one that can be elongated or stretched under stress and returns to its original shape and size when the stress is released. In the context of soil mechanics, this may refer to geotextiles or geosynthetic materials used for reinforcing soil or preventing soil erosion.

7. Dynamic effects on soil - динамическое воздействие на грунт
Explanation: Dynamic effects on soil refer to the influence of dynamic forces, such as vibrations or seismic activity, on the behavior and stability of soil. This is particularly important in assessing the response of soil in the vicinity of structures or during construction activities.

8. Soil properties - свойства грунта
Explanation: Soil properties encompass various characteristics of soil, including its composition, density, permeability, strength, and load-bearing capacity. Understanding these properties is essential for efficient design and construction of foundations, earthworks, and other geotechnical projects.

9. Filtration rate - скорость фильтрации
Explanation: Filtration rate refers to the speed at which water or other fluids pass through a soil mass. It is an important parameter in geotechnical engineering as it affects the drainage and stability of soil structures, such as embankments or retaining walls.

10. Slope - склон
Explanation: A slope in soil mechanics refers to an inclined surface or terrain. Understanding the stability and behavior of slopes is crucial in designing safe and resilient infrastructure, as slopes are prone to erosion, landslides, or failure under certain conditions.

11. Large urban area - большой городской район
Explanation: A large urban area refers to a densely populated region with significant development and infrastructure. This term is commonly used to describe cities or metropolitan areas with a high concentration of population, buildings, and economic activities.

12. Public transport - общественный транспорт
Explanation: Public transport refers to systems of transportation that are available for use by the general public. It typically includes buses, trains, trams, subways, and other means of mass transportation that cater to a large number of passengers within a city or region.

13. Transportation engineering - инжиниринг транспорта
Explanation: Transportation engineering is a discipline that deals with the planning, design, construction, and operation of transportation systems. It encompasses various aspects, including traffic flow, roadway design, public transportation, traffic control, and transportation infrastructure.

14. Traffic design - дорожное проектирование
Explanation: Traffic design refers to the process of planning and designing roadways, intersections, traffic signals, and other elements of transportation infrastructure to ensure safe and efficient traffic flow. It involves considering factors such as capacity, safety, and the needs of different types of road users.

15. Urban traffic design - городское дорожное проектирование
Explanation: Urban traffic design specifically focuses on the planning and design of transportation systems within urban areas. It involves addressing the challenges of high traffic volume, congestion, pedestrian safety, and the integration of various modes of transportation.

16. Queuing theory - теория очередей
Explanation: Queuing theory is a mathematical discipline that studies the behavior and characteristics of waiting lines or queues, such as those found in traffic, service centers, or transportation systems. It helps in optimizing service efficiency, reducing waiting times, and improving overall system performance.

17. Sidewalk design - проектирование тротуаров
Explanation: Sidewalk design refers to the planning and design of pedestrian walkways or footpaths alongside roadways. It involves considerations such as accessibility, safety, aesthetics, and the needs of pedestrians in urban or suburban areas.

18. Intelligent transportation system - интеллектуальная система управления транспортом
Explanation: An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is a technology-based system that aims to improve the efficiency, safety, and overall performance of transportation networks. It involves the integration of advanced technologies, such as sensors, communication systems, and traffic management algorithms.

19. Management of capital construction projects - управление проектами капитального строительства
Explanation: Management of capital construction projects refers to the process of overseeing and coordinating all activities involved in the planning, design, procurement, construction, and completion of large-scale infrastructure projects, such as highways, bridges, tunnels, or buildings. It involves ensuring project objectives are met within budget, timeline, and quality requirements.